Civil turbofan propulsion aerodynamics: Thrust-drag accounting and impact of engine installation position

It is envisaged that the next generation of civil aero-engines will employ high bypass ratios to lower specific thrust and improve propulsive efficiency. This trend likely be accompanied with integration compact nacelle exhausts in podded under-wing installation positions are close coupled airframe. leads requirement for a comprehensive methodology able predict aerodynamic performance combined airframe-engine architectures. paper presents novel drag accounting approach analysis integrated systems. An integral metric synthesised based on concept net vehicle force. accomplished through consolidation coefficients, engine cycle characteristics obtained from thermodynamic matching model. The developed an in-house tool design installed aero-engines. framework deployed quantify impact position future large turbofan commercial wide-body governing flow mechanisms identified their influence decomposed terms airframe, nacelle, exhaust performance. shown it essential include correct determination overall difference force can reach up -0.70% nominal standard relative representative baseline location.